Silhouette

18th-century silhouette portrait

A silhouette is the image of a person, animal, object, or scene represented as a solid shape of a single color, usually black, with its edges matching the outline of the subject. The interior of a silhouette is featureless, and the silhouette is usually presented on a light background, usually white, or none at all. 

The word silhouette is derived from the name of Étienne de Silhouette, a French finance minister. In 1759, he was forced by France's credit crisis to impose severe economic demands upon the French people, particularly the wealthy. His austere economies caused his name to be attached with anything done or made cheaply.

These outline portraits were popular prior to the advent of photography. They were cut from black cards and were the cheapest way of recording a person's appearance. 

Apparently,  Étienne de Silhouette enjoyed making such drawings and used them to decorate his chateau.

Modern silhouette of Johannesburg skyline - CC BY-SA 4.0, Link

Decibel

A decibel (dB) is a unit of measurement that came from the need to describe the efficiency of telephone circuits. It would replace "transmission units" which were from the telegraph days. It was decided that they wanted to use a name that connected to the inventor of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell and created the unit of a "bel." The bel is seldom used, as the decibel was the proposed working unit.  "Deci" denote one-tenth of the "bel" measurement. The new measurement was proposed in 1924 by the Bell Telephone Laboratories. 

In a non-technical sense, most people just think of a decibel as a way to measure the loudness of a sound. Breathing is 10 decibels; conversations in a restaurant is about 60; a motorcycle at 25 ft is 90 dB; live rock music is about 108 - 114 dB.

Bell at the opening of the long-distance line from New York to Chicago, 1892 Link

bloomers and cardigans

The term "bloomers" to mean an article of women’s clothing isn't used much these days. Amelia Bloomer was a 19-century Women’s Rights activist.

She ran a newspaper, Lily , that changed the way women viewed themselves and encouraged women to stand up for their rights which included and included radical dress reform.  

In those days, women wore restrictive corsets and dresses fitted with huge skirts and Amelia championed a new style of clothing for women. The baggy trousers known as pantaloons was a style she campaigned for and they became known as "bloomers."

"Bloomer" dress of the 1850s

The knitted garment known as the cardigan is still used today. Cardigans are open-fronted sweaters with variations. Most have buttons but there are ones that are tied and worn like a robe. There are also ones with zippers and newer fashion trend with no buttons or zipper and hanging open.

The clothing word originates from James Brudenell, an Earl and military hero who fought in the Crimean War and led the Charge of the Light Brigade during the Battle of Balaclava in 1854. Fighting in a harsh Russian winter, Brudenell used his own money to get his soldiers knitted woolen waistcoats. 

So shouldn't they be called "brudenells?"  Not a very catchy name. But he was the Earl of Cardigan, so that was what they became known as in that time and still today. 

Cardigan CC BY-SA 2.0, Link