Holy Toledo, Holy Mackerel, Holy Smoke and Holy Cow

The Roman Catholic Primate Cathedral of Saint Mary of Toledo
(Catedral Primada Santa María de Toledo)

I have heard "Holy Toledo" used as an exclamation of surprise, as in "Holy Toledo, have you seen the price of that stock today?" On the old Batman television show, Robin was rather fond of using 'Holy' sayings during the show. It is a rather old-fashioned expression but its origin is much older.

The expression does refer to Toledo, Spain (not Toledo, Ohio, USA) which became one of the great centers of Christian culture after its liberation from the Moors in 1085. It was the city where Christianity got its first hold in Spain and is often called the Holy City of Toledo in literature.

I'm not sure how relevant it is to the origin, but I also read that Toledo steel was used in medieval swords and was renowned for its quality, and some of those Holy Toldeo swords were used to fight the Infidels.

But there are odd other usages of the expression that are less than religious. For example, in show business, "Holy Week" (the week leading up to Easter) was once considered the worst week at the box office and a Hollywood joke was that any week in Toledo, Ohio was a "Holy Week."

The American city of Toledo was anything but "holy" and in the 1920s and 30s it a sanctuary for gangsters. They seemed to have made a deal with the police that if the police would leave them alone, they would leave Toledo alone. To gangsters, this sanctuary was known as "Holy Toledo."

There is a larger group of "Holy ____!" expressions in English, such as "Holy cow!", "Holy mackerel!" or "Holy smoke!" all of which are used as exclamations of surprise.

"Holy Mackeral" seems to go back to the early 1800s and might have been a euphemism for Holy Mary. It has been suggested that "Mackerel" was a nickname for Catholics because they ate the fish on Fridays or that the practice of selling mackerel only on Sundays in the seventeenth century (its quality deteriorates rapidly) made it be known as a "holy" fish.

From the Dictionary of American Slang (1960):

"Holy Buckets!" Equiv. to "Holy cats!" or "Holy Mike!" both being euphemisms for "Holy Christ!". This term is considered to be very popular among teenagers, and most teens claim it is definitely a very popular phrase. It is also the common oath and popular exclamation put into the mouths of teenagers by many screenwriters, and is universally heard on radio, television, and in the movies. It was first popularized by the "Corliss Archer" series of short stories, television programs, and movies, which attempted to show the humorous, homey side of teenage life.

Incense burner

As far as the use of "Holy smoke!" according to the OED, Sir John Beaumont in 1627 writes: “Who lift to God for us the holy smoke / Of fervent prayers”. The idea being of a burnt sacrifice or incense is a metaphor for the carrying of one's prayers up to heaven.

The phrase "Holy cow!" and other similar expressions can be not only an exclamation of surprise but also a minced oath or euphemism for an actual expletive. (Not that you won't hear "Holy shit" and other literal expletives too.) As a way to avoid using obscene or indecent language, it probably alluded to the holiness of cows in Hinduism and other religious traditions. 

It was popular with baseball players going back to the early 1900s and was associated with several American baseball broadcasters. Growing up in the NY-metro area as a NY Yankees fan, I always associated it with Yankees shortstop and announcer Phil Rizzuto. He used the expression in a variety of poetic contexts. When the Yankees honored him following his retirement, the ceremony included a real cow with a halo prop on its head.

Crowded House

Crowded House, 1987 Paul Hester, Neil Finn, Nick Seymour

The rock band CROWDED HOUSE formed in 1985 after the band Split Enz did a farewell tour. Neil Finn (vocals, guitar, piano), drummer Paul Hester and Nick Seymour on bass. Finn and Hester had been members of the New Zealand band Split Enz. Neil Finn is the younger brother of Split Enz founding member Tim Finn, who would join the new band in 1990.

The new band was called The Mullanes and they formed in Melbourne with Finn, Hester, Seymour and guitarist Craig Hooper. When they got a record contract with Capitol Records, they decided to move to Los Angeles to record their eponymous debut album. Hooper didn't want to make the move and left the band. 

Their debut album produced  two Top Ten hits "Don't Dream It's Over" and "Something So Strong."

Capitol Records wanted (wisely) a new name for the band. The odd name "Crowded House" is a reference to the small Hollywood Hills house the band shared during the recording of the album Crowded House.

In 1996, Crowded House announced that it would disband and they did several farewell concerts. 

Hester died by suicide at age 46. the following year, the band re-formed with drummer Matt Sherrod and released two albums that reached number one on Australia's album chart. Then the band went inactive for several years until a revised line-up was set to tour the UK in 2020 with Neil Finn, Nick Seymour, Mitchell Froom, and Finn's sons Liam and Elroy. The COVID-19 pandemic postponed the tour.

The band's seventh studio album, Dreamers Are Waiting, was released in 2021 along with a New Zealand tour in March 2021. The band plans to tour Australia in 2022.

     

Split Enz

Image: Nambassa Trust & Peter Terry, nambassa.com, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link

The New Zealand band Split Enz was very popular during the late 1970s and early 1980s. It was founded in 1973 by Tim Finn and Phil Judd, but had a number of band libeups during its existence. In the APRA Top 100 New Zealand Songs of All Time poll, the band led all bands with 8 songs. They released 7 studio albums.

In its earliest incarnation (1972), "Split Ends," was two university friends Tim Finn and Phil Judd writing original songs and their sound was eclectic and mostly acoustic. This Auckland band had Finn on vocals and piano, Judd on guitar and vocals and Mike Chunn on bass, Miles Golding on violin, and Mike Howard on flute.

After their November 1973 EMI NZ second single, "129" / "Sweet Talking Spoon Song" was when the group altered its name to Split Enz. The NZ can be seen as a reference to New Zealand.

Their debut LP Mental Notes (1975) did well on its first release, though sales were mostly in New Zealand and Australia. It hit #19 on the Australian album chart and #7 in New Zealand.

Band members came and went, breaks were taken and after a tour supporting Conflicting Emotions, Paul Hester joined on drums. Things were tense between brothers Tim and Neil (Neil having solo success) and it led to Tim's decision to leave Split Enz so that he could promote the release of his solo Escapade (1983) in Europe.

When it was decided to really end the band, Tim came back and the "Enz with a Bang" Australasian farewell tour happened in late 1984. Split Enz played its last show on 4 December 1984 in Auckland and a double album recorded on the farewell tour, The Living Enz, was released in December 1985.

Eventually, Neil Finn and drummer Paul Hester founded a new band, Crowded House. Tim Finn briefly joined Crowded House later. They also recorded two albums together as the Finn Brothers.

   

Chicago and "25 or 6 to 4"

A collage used to promote Chicago in concert at the Chumash Casino Resort in Santa Ynez, California, 2005, Source

Chicago is an American rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois, in 1967. The group was initially billed as The Big Thing. They are a self-described "rock and roll band with horns" but also used elements of classical music, jazz, R&B, and pop music. They produced numerous top-40 hits over two decades and continue to record and perform live.

The band logo which appears in many styles
 on their album covers, Public Domain, Link

There had been a Chicago-based rock cover band with six members called the Big Thing that played in Chicago nightclubs and covered Top 40 hits. When the group began working on original songs in 1968, their manager, James William Guercio, wanted a name change. They became the Chicago Transit Authority but changed it after their first album to the shortened Chicago to avoid legal action being threatened by the actual mass-transit company of the same name.

Their first record (April 1969), Chicago Transit Authority, is a double album, which is rare for a band's first release. It made it to No. 17 on the Billboard album chart and sold over one million copies by 1970, and was awarded a platinum disc. The album included a number of FM radio hits – "Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?", "Beginnings", "Questions 67 and 68", and "I'm a Man." The band was nominated for a Grammy Award for 1969 Best New Artist of the Year.

Amazon lists an incredible 186 albums under their name, which includes studio albums, live recordings and many compilations in different formats.

Chicago II

One song on their second album is "25 or 6 to 4." It was written by Robert Lamm, a founding member of the band. The song title has confused many listeners.

In a 2013 interview, keyboardist Robert Lamm said he composed it on a twelve-string guitar missing the two low E strings. He said the song is about trying to write a song in the middle of the night. The song's title is the time at which the song is set: 25 or 26 minutes before 4 AM. But other interpretations emerged. One was that it meant a quantity of illicit drugs. Another was that it was the name of a famous person in code. 

         

canard

I heard a TV newscaster say that there is a group of Republicans who "have bought into Trump’s canard that the election was stolen from him." I have heard that word before and assumed it meant a hoax. My wife, a French speaker, said that the word canard in French means "duck." What's the connection?

She looked in one of her dictionaries and found a 16th-century French expression - vendre des canards à moitié. It literally means "to half-sell ducks" but this was possibly a proverb meaning "to fool" or "to cheat." The origin story isn't known but may have come from someone trying to cheat a customer in the sale of a duck at a market. Can you pass off half a duck as a whole duck and so half-sell it? We don't know. 

English speakers adopted this hoax or fabrication meaning of canard in the mid-1800s. 

There is also an aeronautical use of canard which has nothing to do with a hoax. In aeronautics, a canard is an arrangement wherein a small forewing or foreplane is placed forward of the main wing of a fixed-wing aircraft or a weapon. 

XB-70 Valkyrie experimental bomber

The term "canard" may be used to describe the aircraft itself, the wing configuration, or the foreplane. You find canard wings used in guided missiles and smart bombs.

This use of "canard" arose from the appearance of an aircraft called the Santos-Dumont 14-bis of 1906, which was thought to look like a duck with its neck stretched out in flight.

1906 Santos-Dumont 14-bis  CC BY-SA 3.0, Link