15 September 2022

gams, gambits, gammons and gambling

Classic gams
Mitzi Gaynor
Mary Tyler Moore

The word "gams" to mean "legs" is an old usage. You don't hear it used much these days though it was common in the 30s, 40s and 50s.

This plural noun refers to human legs, especially related to the shapeliness of a woman's leg, and appears in the late 18th century. It was probably a variant of the heraldic term gamb, which represented something closer to an animal's leg and may have come from Old Northern French gambe which did mean "leg."

Seemingly unrelated is a rare use of gam to mean in American English usage of the mid-19th century for a social meeting or informal conversation that was originally related to whalers at sea.

I took a guess that gam might be connected to gambit. That word's origin is uncertain but might be from the dialect gam meaning a "game." Dictionaries also mention it may be a shortened form of "gammon" So then I look that up. It can mean in Britain a side of bacon and more recently is used as an insult - which seem irrelevant. But it can also mean the winning of a backgammon game before the loser removes any men from the board. 

I only knew "gambit" as meaning an action, or opening remark, usually a bit risky in the effort to gain an advantage. You hear it used in the game of chess, as when someone makes an opening move in which they sacrifice a piece to get a possible advantage later. 

This tenuous connection to everything I've written above gets a bit closer when you see that the origin (mid-17th century Italian) from an earlier gambett, from Italian gambetto, which literally means "tripping up," comes from gamba meaning - once again - "leg." Full circle.

Did you watch the Netflix series, The Queen's Gambit, or read the book? 


Several examples of gambits in that story
and very nice gams on the lead actress, Anya Taylor Joy.



And finally, we have gamble which everyone knows means taking a risky chance, most often on a game. This word from the early 18th century comes from the obsolete verb gamel "to play games."

09 September 2022

Pompadour

Madame Pompadour without a pompadour hairstyle, 1758)


The pompadour is a hairstyle. Not many people get a hairstyle named after them. In modern times, I can only think of the "Rachel" named for the Rachel Green character on TV's Friends and played by Jennifer Aniston. 

Back in the 18th century, Madame de Pompadour was a mistress to King Louis XV and his political advisor. The hairstyle is named for her, But the name for this hairstyle has nothing in common with the hairstyle of Madame de Pompadour. She wore her hair back rather than up, and without the extra volume on the top. The name for the hairstyle wasn't coined until after her time.

In the 1890s, the Gibson Girl look used the style. The 1925 novel, The Great Gatsby, references Jay Gatsby as having had a pompadour in his youth. It came back in vogue for women again in the 1940s.

Actress and World War II pin-up girl Betty Grable wearing another variant of the pompadour style, 1943
Betty Grable 1942     Link


The men's version appeared in the 1950s and early 1960s, worn by early country, rock and roll and movie stars such as Elvis Presley, Judy Garland, Johnny Cash, Chuck Berry, Ritchie Valens, James Dean, and Tony Curtis. 

PresleyPromo1954PhotoOnly.jpg
Elvis  1954   Link

It had a revival in the 2000s with celebrities including John Travolta in Grease, Justin Timberlake, David Beckham, Rihanna, Bruno Mars and others.

08 September 2022

Silhouette

18th-century silhouette portrait

A silhouette is the image of a person, animal, object, or scene represented as a solid shape of a single color, usually black, with its edges matching the outline of the subject. The interior of a silhouette is featureless, and the silhouette is usually presented on a light background, usually white, or none at all. 

The word silhouette is derived from the name of Étienne de Silhouette, a French finance minister. In 1759, he was forced by France's credit crisis to impose severe economic demands upon the French people, particularly the wealthy. His austere economies caused his name to be attached with anything done or made cheaply.

These outline portraits were popular prior to the advent of photography. They were cut from black cards and were the cheapest way of recording a person's appearance. 

Apparently,  Étienne de Silhouette enjoyed making such drawings and used them to decorate his chateau.


Silhouette of Johannesburg.png
Modern silhouette of Johannesburg skyline - CC BY-SA 4.0, Link