By Jove

Marble statue of Jupiter from c. 100 AD

There are some milder, euphemistic substitutes for using the name of God, such as “gosh darn it,” “for Pete’s sake,” “by George,”and “good golly." "By Jove" is another one but is also different. "By Jove" did not start as a euphemism, and when it first showed up in English. 

Both “by Jove” and “by Jupiter” were originally Latin oaths as pro Iovem and pro Iuppiter. Roman would use this literally in the way we might say “my God!” or “good God!” Jove or Jupiter was the top deity for the Romans. This sender of thunderbolts was Zeus to the Greeks and equated to Germanic Thor.

Today, the phrase is used to express surprise or to emphasize a statement. "By Jove, that was some explosion."

In classical times, the name was written as Iovis or Iuppiter
(Iuppiter was a compound of the archaic Latin Iovis and pater).
There was no “j” in classical Latin.
The letter “i” was both a consonant and a vowel;
as a consonant, it sounded like the English letter “y.”

Fender bender

 A "Fender Bender" is a term for an auto accident, generally a not very serious one. 

Obviously, this expression references protective covers for a car’s wheels. Older cars once had prominent fenders covering the wheels that were vulnerable to side impacts. Having owned a classic Volkswagen Beetle back in my youth, I can attest to the vulnerability of the fenders to scrapes and hits.

The term "fender bender" originated in the late 1950s. Its appeal is at least partially due to the rhyming nature of “bender” and “fender.” 

Of course, there are lots of other fenders. Fenders on bikes and motorcycles, on western saddles, inflatable ones on the sides of boats to protect them in docking and in front of trams. In British English, the fender is called the wing. 

Interestingly, the word “fender” dates back to the 13th century, initially as a shortened form of “defender”. Originally it was the fender hung over the side to protect the hull of a ship. It was also used to refer to part of fireplaces since the 1680s. It has been used with automobiles since 1919.

Clipped Words

Periwigs? 

Clipped words are defined as words that are formed by dropping one or more syllables from a longer word or phrase with no change in meaning. 

When some man calls another guy his "bro," most people know he is clipping "brother." However, I have found that some younger folks don't know that deli comes from delicatessen and that flu is a clipped influenza.

Less obvious is that "varsity" comes from "university," "hack" comes from "hackney" or that "margarine" was once "oleomargarine." 

You know "wig" but have you ever heard of periwig, an archaic term for a highly styled wig worn formerly as a fashionable headdress by both women and men.

Some clipped words and their original form have just fallen out of usage. I think few people talk about "stereo" sound any more, but no one uses "stereophonic."

A FEW OTHERS
alum alumni
mart market
auto automobile
math mathematics
bike bicycle
memo  memorandum
bra brassiere
bro brother
mike or mic  microphone